1143 Tale Of The Comet Pdf To Jpg
Flashing Blades - character sheet.pdf Flashing Blades - Core Rules.pdf Flashing Blades - An Ambassador's Tale.pdf Flashing Blades - High Seas.pdf.
Jump to navigationJump to searchHerman Dalmatin (aka Herman of Carinthia, Sclavus Dalmata, Secundus) as illustrated by Matthew Paris | |
| Born | 1100 |
|---|---|
| Died | 1160 |
| Other names | Herman Dalmatin |
| Liber imbrium, De indagatione cordis, De mensura | |
| |
Herman of Carinthia (c. 1100 – c. 1160), also nicknamed Hermannus Dalmata ('the Dalmatian'), Sclavus ('the Slav') or Secundus ('the Second'), was an Istrianphilosopher, astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, translator and author.
Among Adelard of Bath, John of Seville, Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187) and Plato of Tivoli (1134–1145) Herman is the most important translator of Arabic astronomical works in 12th century and populariser of Arabic culture in Europe. The influence of his translations on the development of medieval European astronomy was especially large.
Life[edit]
In his own account he was born in 'central Istria' circa 1100, then part of the Duchy of Carinthia. He died circa 1160.
Most likely he went to a Benedictine monastic school in Istria. He went on to study in France. It was probably in France that Herman's attention was drawn to the classical texts which were becoming available via Arabic sources. This was before the time of the first university in France, but at Chartres he attended one of the cathedral schools which were the predecessors of universities and he also studied in Paris in the 1130s.The teachers at Chartres included Thierry of Chartres to whom Herman was to dedicate a translation in 1143. The school of Chartres was known for its interests in Christian platonism and the natural sciences.
One of Herman's fellow students in France was Robert of Ketton with whom he travelled for four years in the Eastern Mediterranean. Both men became translators from the Arabic. At Constantinople and Damascus Herman took note of the Arabic science of that period. Circa 1138 he returned to Europe, and was active as a scholar in Spain (an important country for translations from the Arabic) and southern France. A huge part of his work remained anonymous.
Translation of Qur'an and other Islamic works[edit]
In 1142 Herman was in Spain and became involved in an important project to translate Islamic texts.Peter the Venerable recruited a team, including Herman, to translate five texts about Islam into Latin. Different members of the team appear to have concentrated on different works, and Herman is credited as the main translator of two of them: De generatione Muhamet et nutritura eius and Doctrina Muhamet.
The most significant translation in the collection was that of the Qur'an. This was entitled Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete and was the first known translation of the Qur'an into a European language. Robert of Ketton was its principal translator, according to most sources (including the Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete itself). However, Herman may have had some input, given the team nature of the project.Despite being an imperfect translation, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete remained the standard one for centuries, circulating in manuscript before being printed in the 1543 edition published in Basel by Theodor Bibliander. In this edition both Herman's above-mentioned translations of treatises about Islam appeared together with a preface by Martin Luther.
Translations of the classics[edit]
- Euclid – Euclidis geometria (Elementa). Herman translated Euclid's Elements around 1140, possibly in collaboration with Robert of Ketton. (There were also other twelfth century translations).
- Ptolemy – the Latin translation of Claudius Ptolemy's work Planisphaerium is a significant work which was produced in Toulouse in 1143.
Herman translated it from an Arabic translation from the Greek (jointly with commentaries of Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, who worked in Córdoba in the 10th century). Western European scholastics became aware of Ptolemy's astronomical views via this translation dedicated to Thierry of Chartres. (This translation was for a long time believed to be the only surviving link to Ptolemy's original. Later another Arabic translation was found to have been preserved in Istanbul).
Herman also translated Ptolemy's Canon (Canon of Kings). For long many thought that Ptolemy was translated by German Herman Contractus and not by Herman of Carinthia.
Astrology and astronomy[edit]
Herman's first known translation was the sixth book of an astrological treatise Liber sextus astronomie by the Jewish writer Sahl ibn Bishr. It was released in Spain in 1138 under the title Zaelis fatidica (Prophesy). Sahl ibn Bishr had been writing in the Greek astrological tradition. Ibn Bishr's first five books were preserved in the translation of John of Seville (Johannes Hispanus) (circa 1090 – circa 1150). The sixth book deals with three thematic topics regarding the influences on the world and its inhabitants. The work contains divinations based on the movements of the planets and comets.
Circa 1140 Herman translated into Latin the astronomical work of Abu Ma'sharKitab al-madkhal ila ilm ahkam al nujum (Introduction to Astronomy).[1] The work contains problems from Greek philosophy, Arabic astronomy and Eastern astrology, and was first translated into Latin by John of Seville in 1133. Herman's less literal translation was published several times under the title Liber introductorius in astronomiam Albumasaris, Abalachii (Augusta Vindelicorum, Augsburg 1489; Venice 1495 and 1506). A large part of Herman's translation was copied into Roger of Hereford's Book of Astronomical Judgements.
Herman produced a version of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī's astronomical tables (zij) – they were also translated in 1126 by Adelard of Bath (1075–1164).
Charles Burnett (2001) postulates that Herman collaborated with Robert of Ketton and Hugo of Santalla on the Liber novem iudicum (the Book of Nine Judges), a collection of translations of Arabic astrologers, notably al-Kindi. Their project may have been to supplant the current superstitious Latin astrology with Arabic astronomical science. Arabic texts cite often Hermes as an authority. Burnett postulates that Renaissance magi merely continued this Hermetic tradition begun by Herman, Robert and Hugh. Herman shares technical terminology with Hugh and a penchant for evocation of the Asclepius, most notably in De essentiis (see below)
Original contributions[edit]
His original contribution to philosophy was De essentiis (On essences).[2] In this work Herman deals with five Aristotelian categories (causa, motus, spatium, tempus, habitudo). He started to write this treatise in 1143 in Toulouse and he completed it the same year in Béziers.[3] In 1982 this book was reprinted in Germany.
Some other works are believed to be Herman's:
- meteorological Liber imbrium (A book about precipitations) (1140 to 1141)
- astrological De indagatione cordis (About heart researches) (after 1140)
In the text (or a manuscript, the syntax of this article was not clear) of De indagatione cordis there are many names of scientists and scholars whose work Herman knew and used: Abu Mas'har (787–886), Sahl ibn Bishr, Aomar Tiberia, Abu al-Kindi (801–873), the eighth-century Jewish astrologer Al Batrig Mashallah (Messahalla), Hermes, and Dorotheos of Sidon.
- mathematical and astronomical De mensura, De utilitatibus astrolabii, De compositione et usu astrolabii (before 1143 – Herman was certainly interested in the Astrolabe – the portrait shows Herman with one)
Many medieval authors refer to Herman's work, for instance Albert the Great (Albert von Bollstädt, Albertus Magnus), instructor to Thomas Aquinas, in his work Speculum astronomiae.
See also[edit]
De Essentiis, A Critical Edition with Translation and Commentary by Charles Burnett. E.J.Brill, 1982.
Footnotes[edit]
- ^'Introduction to Astronomy, Containing the Eight Divided Books of Abu Ma'shar Abalachus'. Astronomy & allied sciences. World Digital Library. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ^Burnett 1981, p. 167.
- ^Burnett 1976, p. 231-232.
References[edit]
- De indagatione cordis. The complete Latin text was made available in a critical edition by Sheila Low-Beer in her doctoral dissertation Herman of Carinthia: The Liber imbriam, The Fatidica and the De indagatione Cordis, The City University of New York.
- Burnett, Charles S. F. (1981). 'Hermann of Carinthia and the Kitāb al-Isṭamāṭīs: Further Evidence for the Transmission of Hermetic Magic'. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. Vol. 44.
- Burnett, Charles S. F. (1976). 'The Legend of the Three Hermes and Abū Ma'shar's Kitāb al-Ulūf in the Latin Middle Ages'. Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. Vol. 39.
External links[edit]
- (in Italian)Círculo Románico – Hermann of Carinthia and the transmission of knowledge
Welcome to the 2nd Edition AD&D Collector's Guide!
This is one of a series of Echohawk's D&D Collector's Guides, each of which aims to provide a comprehensive guide to D&D products published for a particular setting or era of the game. This particular guide focuses on Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition, which was launched in 1989 and ran until 2000. This period of D&D's history was characterized by a steep climb in the numbers of products released each month, at least until TSR crashed in 1997.
This Collector's Guide doesn't list AD&D 2nd Edition products that are included in the Al-Qadim, Birthright, Dark Sun, Dragonlance, Forgotten Realms, Greyhawk, Lankhmar, Mystara, Oriental Adventures, Planescape, Ravenloft, and Spelljammer Collector's Guides.
This was the sixteenth installment when the Collector's Guides were first published. The original thread for this Collector's Guide is here.
Collector's Guides: 1st Edition, 2nd Edition, 3rd Edition, 4th Edition, Next, Al-Qadim, Birthright, Blackmoor, Dark Sun, Dragonlance, Eberron, Forgotten Realms, Greyhawk, Kingdoms of Kalamar, Lankhmar, Miscellaneous, Mystara, Oriental Adventures, Planescape, Ravenloft, Spelljammer
Books and boxed sets
Hardcover books
Player's Handbook (February 1989)
Dungeon Master's Guide (May 1989)
Legends & Lore (July 1990, PDF)
Tome of Magic (May 1991, softcover reprint 1996)
Monstrous Manual (June 1993)
Book of Artifacts (September 1993, softcover reprint 1996?)
Player's Handbook (revised) (errata; April 1995)
Dungeon Master's Guide (revised) (errata; April 1995)
Player's Option: Combat & Tactics (errata; June 1995, softcover reprint 1997, PDF)
Dungeon Master Option Rulebook: High-Level Campaigns (August 1995)
Player's Option: Skills & Powers (errata (1st printing), errata (2nd printing), errata (both printings); September 1995, softcover reprint 1997, PDF)
Player's Option: Spells & Magic (May 1996, softcover reprint 1997, PDF)
Campaign Option: Council of Wyrms Setting (September 1999)
Boxed sets
Castles: A 3-Dimensional Game Accessory (October 1990)
GR1: Strongholds (January 1992)
GR2: Dungeons of Mystery (September 1992)
Dragon Mountain (April 1993)
First Quest: The Introduction to Role-Playing Games (April 1994)
Council of Wyrms (May 1994)
Introduction to Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Game (April 1995)
Night Below: An Underdark Campaign (November 1995)
The Rod of Seven Parts (errata; August 1996)
Complete Starter Set (December 1996)
Tale of the Comet (July 1997)
Return to the Tomb of Horrors (July 1998)
Dungeons and Dragons Adventure Game (April 1999)
Monster collections
MC1: Monstrous Compendium Volume One (June 1989)
MC2: Monstrous Compendium Volume Two (August 1989)
MC8: Monstrous Compendium Outer Planes Appendix (January 1991)
MC14: Monstrous Compendium Fiend Folio Appendix (April 1992)
Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One (December 1994, PDF)
Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Two (December 1995)
Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (November 1996)
Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Four (November 1998)
Player's Handbook reference series
PHBR1: The Complete Fighter's Handbook (November 1989, PDF)
PHBR2: The Complete Thief's Handbook (December 1989, PDF)
PHBR3: The Complete Priest's Handbook (May 1990, PDF)
PHBR4: The Complete Wizards's Handbook (June 1990, PDF)
PHBR5: The Complete Psionics Handbook (errata; January 1991, PDF)
PHBR6: The Complete Book of Dwarves (October 1991, PDF)
PHBR7: The Complete Bard's Handbook (March 1992, PDF)
PHBR8: The Complete Book of Elves (December 1992, PDF)
PHBR9: The Complete Book of Gnomes and Halflings (February 1993, PDF)
PHBR10: The Complete Book of Humanoids (April 1993, PDF)
PHBR11: The Complete Ranger's Handbook (December 1993, PDF)
The Complete Paladin's Handbook (May 1994, PDF)
The Complete Druid's Handbook (August 1994, PDF)
The Complete Barbarian's Handbook (January 1995)
The Complete Ninja's Handbook (August 1995, PDF)
Dungeon Master's Guide reference series
DMGR1: Campaign Sourcebook and Catacomb Guide (March 1990, PDF)
DMGR2: The Castle Guide (text download; April 1990, PDF)
DMGR3: Arms and Equipment Guide (July 1991, PDF)
DMGR4: Monster Mythology (April 1992, PDF)
DMGR5: Creative Campaigning (January 1993, PDF)
The Complete Book of Villains (April 1994, PDF)
The Complete Book of Necromancers (March 1995, PDF)
Sages and Specialists (July 1996)
Of Ships and the Sea (September 1997, PDF)
Historical reference series
HR1: Vikings Campaign Sourcebook (March 1991, PDF)
HR2: Charlemagne's Paladins Campaign Sourcebook (May 1992, PDF)
HR3: Celts Campaign Sourcebook (October 1992, PDF)
HR4: A Mighty Fortress Campaign Sourcebook (November 1992, PDF)
HR5: The Glory of Rome Campaign Sourcebook (October 1993, PDF)
Age of Heroes Campaign Sourcebook (March 1994, PDF)
The Crusades Campaign Sourcebook (October 1994, PDF)
Encyclopedia Magica series
Encyclopedia Magica, Volume I (Leatherette cover November 1994, reprinted in softcover 1999?, PDF)
Encyclopedia Magica, Volume II (Leatherette cover March 1995, reprinted in softcover 1999?)
Encyclopedia Magica, Volume III (Leatherette cover May 1995, reprinted in softcover 1999?)
Encyclopedia Magica, Volume IV (Leatherette cover November 1995, reprinted in softcover 1999?)
Monstrous Arcana series
I, Tyrant (June 1996)
Eye of Pain (June 1996)
Eye of Doom (September 1996)
Eye to Eye (December 1996)
The Sea Devils (July 1997)
Evil Tide (August 1997)
Night of the Shark (October 1997)
Sea of Blood (December 1997)
The Illithiad (April 1998)
A Darkness Gathering (June 1998)
Masters of Eternal Night (August 1998)
Dawn of the Overmind (October 1998)
Spell Compendium series
Wizard's Spell Compendium, Volume One (October 1996)
Wizard's Spell Compendium, Volume Two (October 1997)
Wizard's Spell Compendium, Volume Three (missing Wild Magic table; February 1998)
Wizard's Spell Compendium, Volume Four (September 1998)
Priest's Spell Compendium, Volume One (May 1999)
Priest's Spell Compendium, Volume Two (October 1999)
Priest's Spell Compendium, Volume Three (February 2000)
Jakandor books
Jakandor: Island of War (January 1998)
Jakandor: Isle of Destiny (June 1998)
Jakandor: Land of Legend (October 1998)
Battlesystem books
Battlesystem Miniatures Rules (November 1989)
Battlesystem Skirmishes Miniatures Rules (August 1991)
Softcover books
Warriors of Heaven (September 1999)
Bastion of Faith (December 1999)
Guide to Hell (December 1999)
The Vortex of Madness and Other Planar Perils (January 2000)
Diablo II: The Awakening (March 2000)
Softcover adventures
TSR Jam 1999 (March 1999)
Axe of the Dwarvish Lords (April 1999)
Against the Giants: The Liberation of Geoff (August 1999)
Return to White Plume Mountain (November 1999)
Apocalypse Stone (March 2000)
Reverse Dungeon (May 2000)
Die Vecna Die! (June 2000)
Other adventures
HHQ1: Fighter's Challenge (January 1992, PDF)
HHQ2: Wizard's Challenge (June 1992, PDF)
HHQ3: Thief's Challenge (January 1993, PDF)
GA1: The Murky Deep (February 1993)
GA2: Swamplight (March 1993)
GA3: Tales of Enchantment (August 1993)
HHQ4: Cleric's Challenge (September 1993, PDF)
Fighter's Challenge II (March 1994, PDF)
Temple, Tower & Tomb (May 1994)
Wizard's Challenge II (September 1994)
The Dancing Hut of Baba Yaga (March 1995, PDF)
Thief's Challenge II: Beacon Point (June 1995)
Labyrinth of Madness (errata; July 1995)
Cleric's Challenge II (December 1995)
The Silver Key (January 1996)
A Hero's Tale (July 1996)
The Gates of Firestorm Peak (October 1996)
Road to Danger: From the Pages of Dungeon Magazine (dagger rock map, underground map; August 1998)
A Paladin in Hell (September 1998)
Destiny of Kings (November 1998)
The Shattered Circle (January 1999)
Dungeons of Despair (February 1999)
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands (June 1999)
RPGA adventures
The Star of Kolhapur (1997)
Moonlight Madness (February 1998)
The Lost Shrine of Bundushatur (1998)
Ravenloft (25th Anniversary) (August 1999)
Wand of Archeal (1999)
Miscellaneous
Dark & Hidden Ways (1990)
Wild Things (1990)
Magic Encyclopedia, Volume One (July 1992)
Magic Encyclopedia, Volume Two (January 1993)
City Sites (December 1994, PDF)
Castle Sites (June 1995)
Chronomancer (August 1995)
Country Sites (October 1995)
Shaman (November 1995)
Den of Thieves (March 1996)
World Builder's Guidebook (October 1996)
College of Wizardry (January 1998)
Dungeon Builder's Guidebook (May 1998)
Premium reprints
Player's Handbook (May 2013)
Monstrous Manual (May 2013)
Dungeon Master's Guide (May 2013)
Accessories
Character sheets
REF2: Character Record Sheets (September 1989)
Screens
REF1: Dungeon Master's Screen (includes Terrible Trouble at Tragidore) (July 1989)
Fighter's Screen (June 1994)
Priest's Screen (June 1994)
Thief's Screen (June 1994)
Wizard's Screen (June 1994)
Dungeon Master Screen & Master Index (October 1995)
Map folios
GR3: Treasure Maps (download section 1, section 2, section 3, section 4; November 1992)
Treasure Chest (February 1994)
Treasure Tales (April 1996)
Decks of cards
CR1: Wizard Spell Cards (January 1992, reprinted as 'Deck of Wizard Spells' 1994)
CR2: Deck of Priest Spells (June 1992)
CR3: Deck of Magical Items (March 1993)
Cardmaster Adventure Design Deck (June 1993)
CR4: Deck of Encounters, Set One (January 1994)
CR5: Deck of Encounters, Set Two (June 1994)
CR6: Deck of Psionic Powers (October 1994)
Player Packs
Fighter's Player Pack (September 1994)
Priest's Player Pack (September 1994)
Thief's Player Pack (September 1994)
Wizard's Player Pack (September 1994)
Miscellaneous
REF6: Rogues Gallery (December 1992)
Other products
Novels
The Rod of Seven Parts (February 1996)
Tale of the Comet (July 1997)
Comics
Labyrinth of Madness (1996)
Board games
AD&D Trivia Game (July 1991)
Software
AD&D Core Rules CD-ROM (August 1996)
AD&D Core Rules CD-ROM 2.0 (July 1998)
AD&D Core Rules 2.0 Expansion (August 1999)
Catalogs
1993 TSR Master Catalog (January 1993)
Trading cards
1991 Trading Cards (750 cards, sold in 'Set One' and 'Set Two' boosters) (1991)
1991 Trading Cards Factory Set (December 1991)
1992 Trading Cards (750 cards, sold in 'Part One' and 'Part Two' boosters) (1992)
1992 Trading Cards Gencon Promo Set (11 cards) (August 1992)
1992 Trading Cards Factory Set (September 1992)
1993 Trading Cards (495 cards + 60 cards, sold in 'Part One', 'Part Two' and 'Part Three' boosters) (1993)
1993 Trading Cards Factory Set (December 1993)
Promotional items
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd Edition Preview (April 1989)
AD&D 2nd Edition cloth patch (1993?)
Triviathlon: The Arcane Challenge poster (1996)
AD&D UltraPro Card Binder (1998)
Miniatures
Ral Partha miniatures
Many Ral Partha miniatures were released with both 1st and 2nd edition branding. All of these miniatures are listed in the 1st Edition Collector's Guide, and are not repeated here.
Boxed sets
10-514: Dragon Mountain
10-516: First Quest Paint Kit
Council of Wyrms
11-576: Gold Dragon
11-577: Red Dragon
11-578: Bronze Dragon
11-579: Amethyst Dragon
11-580: Black Dragon
11-581: Topaz Dragon
11-582: Dracolich
11-583: Silver Dragon
11-584: Blue Dragon
11-585: Emerald Dragon
11-586: Green Dragon
11-587: Copper Dragon
11-588: Brass Dragon
11-589: Sapphire Dragon
WotC miniatures
40000: Paladin (1999)
40001: Cleric (1999)
40002: Halfling Thief (1999)
40003: Elven Fighter/Mage (1999)
40004: Fighter (male) (1999)
40005: Dwarven Fighter (1999)
40006: Fighter (female) (1999)
40007: Bugbear (1999)
40008: Hobgoblin (1999)
40009: Lesser Vampire (1999)
40010: Dwarven Cleric (1999)
40011: Elven Thief (Female) (1999)
40012: Evil Mage (1999)
40013: Barbarian (1999)
40014: Orc (1999)
40015: Carrion Crawler (1999)
40016: Cyclops (1999)
40017: Red Dragon (1999)
40018: Ogre (1999)
40019: Minotaur (1999)
40020: Hill Giant (1999)
40021: Ettin (1999)
40022: Fire Giant (1999)
40023: Good Mage (1999)
40024: Diablo II Heroes Boxed Set (1999)
40025: Diablo II Monsters Boxed Set (1999)
Magazines
Only issues of these magazines containing AD&D 2nd Edition content are listed.
Dragon Magazine
Dragon 148-273 (August 1989 - July 2000)
Dragon Annual 1 (November 1996)
Dragon Annual 2 (November 1997)
Dragon Annual 3 (November 1998)
Dragon Annual 4 (November 1999)
Other magazines
Dungeon 24-81 (July 1990 - July 2000)
Dungeon 191, Adapting 'The Lich-Queen's Beloved' (June 2011)
Polyhedron Introductory Issue (1989)
Polyhedron 53 - 143 (May 1990 - August 2000)
Polyhedron Gencon Special Edition (August 1999)
Polyhedron UK 1-8 (July 1998 - June 2000)
Electronic releases
Web articles and downloads
Chronomancy and the Multiverse (1995)
Half-Dragon PCs For All Worlds (1995)
Infravision & Your Fantasy Hero (1995)
Skills & Powers Psionicist (1996)
Player's Option Character Sheet (front and back; 1996?)
The Shattered Circle (January 1999)
New Kits for a Crusading Campaign (March 2001)
Devil's Deal (Warriors of Heaven Web Enhancement) (March 2001)
Quesar (Warriors of Heaven Web Enhancement) (March 2001)
Erratta: Priest Spell (Warriors of Heaven Web Enhancement) (March 2001)
Dragotha's Lair (August 2001)
Podcasts
D&D Podcast: 2nd Edition (May 2013)
International products
This section is reserved for future use.
Organized play
Adventurer's Guild adventures
Adventurer's Guild Instruction Booklet (1Q1998)
Final Exam (1Q1998)
Marooned on Jakandor: Island of War (1Q1998)
Blood Feud (2Q1998)
A Simple Errand (2Q1999)
Cult of the Swamp Lord (3Q1999)
Needle in the Eye (4Q1999)
Grudge Match (PDF release, March 2000)